​​​​​​​Biology:
DNA
DNA Structure:
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DNA
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Subunits- nucleotides
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Three Parts:
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Phosphate group
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Five Crabon Sugae
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NItrogenous Bases
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A- Adenine
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T- Thymine
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G- Guanine
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C- Cytosine
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The Double Helix:
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looks like a twisted ladder
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suagrs and phosphates
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form a backbone or sides of DNA ladder
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Nitrogenous BAses:
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form rungs of DNA ladder
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Hydrogen Bonds:
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hold nucleotide chains together at base
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NItrogenous Bases complementary base pair
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Complementary Base Pairing:
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in all DNA:
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purines double ring (A and G)
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prymadine- single ring (T, U, C)
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the percentages of certain bases are equal
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DNA & Chromosomes:
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Located in cytoplasm of Prokaryotes
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Located in nucleus of Eukaryotes
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called chromatin in non- dividing cells
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condense to form chromsomes during cell division
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DNA Replication:
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Replication occurs before cell division
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Replication is semi conservative
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The DNA molecule "unzips" at the weak hydrogen bonds
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The two strands unwind
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The orginal strands serve as a template for the new strands
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New bases are added to the orginal strands according to complementary base pairingrules
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Two identical copies of the orginal DNA are produced
RNA:
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nucleic acids
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differs from DNA:
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​single stranded, looking like a half zipper
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RNA sugar is ribose
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Both contain 4 nitrogenous bases- but instead of thymine, RNA contains a base called uracil
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Role of RNA:
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the workers for protein synthesisare the RNA molecules
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They take in DNA, the instructions onhow it is to be assembled, then the amino acid can build the protein
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Analogy- assembly line all working together to create a finsihed product
Three Types of RNA:
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Messenger RNA:
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​which brings instruction from DNA to nucleus to the cell factory floo, the cytoplasm. At this point the mRNA moves to the assembly line, a ribosome
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Ribosomal RNA:
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​now binds to the mRNA and uses the insturctions to assemble the amino acid in the correct order
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