Transport and Excretion:

• Animals:

  • Food absorbed by digestive system that enters cirulatory system where nutrients are delivered to cells throughout the body.

• Digestive System:

  • Enzymes break dwon food into smaller components

    • Mouth

    • Esophagus

    • Stomach

    • Small Intestine

    • Large Intestines

    • Anus

• Liver:

  • Removes acess glucose and stores it as glycogen.

  • Converts amino acids and fats into energy to be used during metabolism.

  • Stores vitamins and minerals

  • Produces bile for fat digestion

 

Homeostasis:

• Water- maintains homeostasis through large intsetine

• Insulin- maintain a natural blood glucose level

 

Transport and Excretion:

• Vascular-

  • Advanced tissue

  • Xylem= H20

  • Pholem= nutrients 

• Non- Vascular:

  • diffusion and osmosis

• Respiration:

  • release of gases

  • plants= stomata

• Aerobic Respiration:

  • plants- respiration

 

Sexual Reproduction:

• Animals-

  • egg and sprem make a zygote, which grows into an embryo, which becomes a fetus.

• Plants-

  • egg and pollen sperm make a seed which germinates

• Plants and Fungi- 

  • some makke spores

 

Internal Fertilization:

• Sexual fertilization

• Egg and sperm unite inside the organism

  • Mammals: nourishment by the placenta

  • Birds and Reptiles: nourishment by amniotic egg

 

Seed Plants:

1. Gymnosperms- cone bearing plants

2. Angiosperms- flowering plants

 

 

 

Behavioral Adaptations:

• As an organisms develops special behaviors which are INNATE behavior or LEARNED behavior is important for survival.

 

Innate Types:

1. Suckling

2. Chemotaxis and Phototaxis

3. Migration

4. Estivation and Hibernation

 

Leraned Behavior Types:

1. Habituation- when you don't remember something due to being repeated till something happens.

2. Imprinting- early in development that can't be exchanged.

3. Classical Conditioning- stimulus association.

4. Trial and Error-

5. Camoflague- to look, act, smell, or sound to blend in with surroundings.

 

Animal Behaviors:

Niche- is the role of an organism in it's habitat, ot how it makes a living.

Niche Includes-

• Type of food the organism eats

• How it obtains food

• Which other organisms use the orgainsm for food

 

Types of Interaction-

1. Competition- struggle between animals to survive as they attempt to use the same limited resources.

2. Preditation- interaction where one organism kills another for food

   1. Predator- the animal that does the killing

   2. Prey- the animal killed for food

   3. Predator- prey competition relationships help maintain stability within an organism.

 

Symbiosis- close relationships between 2 species that benefits atleast one species.

Types of Symbiotic Relationships:

1. Mutualism- both organisms benefit

2. Commensalism- one organism benefit while the other is neither helped or harmed

3. Parasitism- One organism benefits at the expense of another

 

Communication within Organisms-

1. Pheromones: chemicals released by living organisms which sends information to other organisms of same species via scent. Released in response to stress, alarm, danger, and sexual fertility.